Background of the Study :
Economic planning is a cornerstone of national development, providing strategic direction for resource allocation and policy formulation. In Nigeria, the National Planning Commission (NPC) has been responsible for developing long-term development plans and coordinating economic policies. Since 2000, the NPC has formulated strategies aimed at achieving sustainable growth, reducing poverty, and enhancing social welfare (Chukwu, 2023). The planning process involves setting priorities, identifying investment needs, and mobilizing resources across various sectors. However, challenges such as bureaucratic inefficiencies, inconsistent policy implementation, and political interference have often hindered the successful execution of development plans. This study critically appraises the role of economic planning in Nigeria by analyzing the strategies and performance of the NPC. It examines the effectiveness of planning initiatives in achieving developmental goals and explores the factors that have contributed to both successes and shortcomings in the planning process (Sani, 2024; Balogun, 2025).
Statement of the Problem
Despite the formulation of comprehensive development plans by the NPC, Nigeria’s development outcomes have been uneven. The gap between planned objectives and actual achievements is attributed to implementation challenges, inadequate coordination among agencies, and political instability. This disconnect raises questions about the efficacy of economic planning in driving sustainable development. The study seeks to identify the factors that hinder effective planning and to assess the overall impact of the NPC’s strategies on Nigeria’s development trajectory (Chukwu, 2023).
Objectives of the Study:
To evaluate the effectiveness of economic planning by the NPC.
To identify challenges in the implementation of development plans.
To recommend strategies for improving planning processes.
Research Questions:
How effective is the NPC in promoting economic development?
What challenges impede the successful implementation of development plans?
What measures can enhance the effectiveness of economic planning?
Research Hypotheses:
H1: Economic planning significantly influences national development.
H2: Implementation challenges reduce the efficacy of planning initiatives.
H3: Reforms in planning processes can improve developmental outcomes.
Significance of the Study
This study is significant as it evaluates the critical role of economic planning in Nigeria’s development. By scrutinizing the NPC’s performance, the research offers valuable insights for policymakers on bridging the gap between planning and implementation. Enhanced planning processes will contribute to more sustainable development and improved resource allocation (Balogun, 2025).
Scope and Limitations of the Study:
Limited to the topic only.
Definitions of Terms:
– Economic Planning: The process of setting long-term development objectives and strategies.
– National Planning Commission (NPC): The government agency responsible for national development planning.
– Development Outcomes: Measurable improvements in economic and social indicators.
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